The following Blog is a short summary on Redhat and ubuntu and some differences between them, we have also provided a some commands and file names on how to configure network in RedHat PCs and in Ubuntu PCs, so you could understand that configuring network in both of them is different.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is not free, and its also used for business.Red Hat Linux, assembled by the company Red Hat, was a popular Linux based operating system.
Red Hat Linux 1.0 was released on November 3, 1994. It was originally called “Red Hat Commercial Linux”[2] It is the first Linux distribution to use the packaging system, the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format, and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions, such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux.
Red Hat’s Features:
Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda, intended to be easy to use for novices, and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions. It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities.
It uses .rpm package called Red Hat Package Manager.
Definition rpm: The RPM Package Manager (RPM) is a powerful command linedriven package management system capable of installing, uninstalling, verifying, querying, and updating software packages. Each software package consists of an archive of files along with information about the package like its version, a description, etc.
Now What is yum? yum, also called Yellow dog Updater Modified, is a Linux utility which is use to install RPM packages/Binary Files (.rpm files). You can use yum with the following options.
Installing packages(.rpm):- To install any .rpm packages follow these command.
# yum install packagename
# rpm -ivh packagename.rpm
Networking
etworking Files are that files by which system get connected in the Network.
By editing these files system will be get connected in Network.
To set IP Address
# system-config-network
or in the below file:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scipts/ifcfg-eth0
To set gateway
# system-config-network
or in the below file:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
To set DNS
#cat /etc/resolv.conf
To set hostname
# hostname yourcomputerName
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
Booting Files
# cat /boot/grub/grub.confAbout grub.conf :- Grub Conf is a Gnome2 based GRUB configuration editor. It provides an easy to use interface allowing effortless modification of OS’s and the flexibility to configure the most obscure options. Designed to require minimal user interaction while providing tools for the most adventurous user.
To see the version of Operating System:
# cat /etc/redhat-release
To on services permanently:
# chkconfig servicename on
Ubuntu 
Ubuntu is an operating system, like windows.Ubuntu is a Linux distribution that starts with the breadth of Debian and adds regular releases (every six months), a clear focus on the user and usability (it should “Just Work”, TM) and a commitment to security updates with 18 months of support for every release. Ubuntu ships with the latest Gnome release as well as a selection of server and desktop software that makes for a comfortable desktop experience off a single installation CD.
Ubuntu uses the.deb apt package:- Ubuntu uses .deb package for package installation as like .rpm of Red Hat.
Ubuntu also uses apt-get package installer to install packages by using command mode.
To install package Graphically, synaptic package manager.
Installing Packages (.deb)
# apt-get install packagename
# dpkg -i packagename.deb
To install packages Graphically by synaptic:
System -> Administrator -> Synaptic Package Manager
Networking
Some files to get connected system in Network.To set IP Address & Gatway
# cat /etc/network/interfaces
To set DNS
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
To set hostname
# cat /etc/hostname
Package Management
Ubuntu has more packages available than Fedora, so you’ll have a better chance of finding what you want in the repositories. As with Fedora, graphical applications will put a link into the Applications menu.
Graphical Tools
The Synaptic package Manager is an excellent tool for finding, fetching and installing packages. Press System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager to start Synaptic.
Command Line Tools
Ubuntu uses apt-get instead of yum, up2date and so on to find, download, and install packages and their dependencies.
Note that, unlike yum, apt-get is only for packages available in repositories – it cannot handle packages you have already downloaded. The dpkg command is used instead.
Table of Equivalent Commands
Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.
| Task | Red Hat/Fedora | Ubuntu |
| Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages | ||
| Refresh list of available packages | Yum refreshes each time it’s used | apt-get update |
| Install a package from a repository | yum install package_name | apt-get install package_name |
| Install a package file | yum install package.rpm rpm -i package.rpm |
dpkg –install package.deb |
| Remove a package | rpm -e package_name | apt-get remove package_name |
| Check for package upgrades | yum check-update | apt-get -s upgrade apt-get -s dist-upgrade |
| Upgrade packages | yum update rpm -Uvh [args] |
apt-get dist-upgrade |
| Upgrade the entire system | yum upgrade | apt-get dist-upgrade |
| Package Information | ||
| Get information about an available package | yum search package_name | apt-cache search package_name |
| Show available packages | yum list available | apt-cache dumpavail |
| List all installed packages | yum list installed rpm -qa |
dpkg –list |
| Get information about a package | yum info package_name | apt-cache show package_name |
| Get information about an installed package | rpm -qi package_name | dpkg –status package_name |
| List files in an installed package | rpm -ql package_name | dpkg –listfiles package_name |
| List documentation files in an installed package | rpm -qd package_name | – |
| List configuration files in an installed package | rpm -qc package_name | – |
| Show the packages a given package depends on | rpm -qR package_name | apt-cache depends |
| Show other packages that depend on a given package (reverse dependency) |
rpm -q -whatrequires [args] | apt-cache rdepends |
| Package File Information | ||
| Get information about a package file | rpm -qpi package.rpm | dpkg –info package.deb |
| List files in a package file | rpm -qpl package.rpm | dpkg –contents package.deb |
| List documentation files in a package file | rpm -qpd package.rpm | – |
| List configuration files in a package file | rpm -qpc package.rpm | – |
| Extract files in a package | rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid | dpkg-deb –extract package.deb dir-to-extract-to |
| Find package that installed a file | rpm -qf filename | dpkg –search filename |
| Find package that provides a particular file | yum provides filename | apt-file search filename |
| Misc. Packaging System Tools | ||
| Show stats about the package cache | – | apt-cache stats |
| Verify all installed packages | rpm -Va | debsums |
| Remove packages from the local cache directory | yum clean packages | apt-get clean |
| Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory | – | apt-get autoclean |
| Remove header files from the local cache directory (forcing a new download of same on next use) |
yum clean headers | apt-file purge |
| General Packaging System Information | ||
| Package file extension | *.rpm | *.deb |
| Repository location configuration | /etc/yum.conf | /etc/apt/sources.list |
Services
Services on Ubuntu are managed in a broadly similar way to those on Red Hat.
Graphical Tools
Services can be configured by clicking System -> Administration -> Services. A tool called Boot-Up Manager is also available.
Command Line Tools
Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The apache/httpd service is used as an example.
| Task | Red Hat / Fedora | Ubuntu | Ubuntu (with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig) |
| Starting/stopping services immediately | service httpd start | invoke-rc.d apache start | service apache start |
| Enabling a service at boot | chkconfig httpd on | update-rc.d apache defaults | sysv-rc-conf apache on |
| Disabling a service at boot | chkconfig httpd off | update-rc.d apache purge | sysv-rc-conf apache off |
Note: Whereas Red Hat and Fedora servers boot into runlevel 3 by default, Ubuntu servers default to runlevel 2.
Note: The service and invoke-rc.d commands call init scripts to do the actual work. You can also start and stop services by doing e.g. /etc/init.d/apache start on Ubuntu, or /etc/init.d/httpd start on Red Hat/Fedora.
Network
Graphical Tools
Fedora/RHEL have system-config-network, ubuntu pre 10.04 had gnome-nettool to edit static ip address, since 10.04 nm-connection-editor is the best choice. For Ubuntu 10.04 Studio there is only manual editing of files since NetworkMontor is not included
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